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Electronic identification
An electronic identification ("eID") is an electronic identification solution of citizens or organizations, for example in view to access benefits or services provided by government authorities, banks or other companies. Apart from online authentication many eICs also give users the option to sign electronic documents with a digital signature.
One form of eID is an electronic identification card, which is a physical identity card that can be used for online and offline personal identification or authentication. The eIC is a smartcard in ID-1 format of a regular bank card, with identity information printed on the surface (such as personal details and a photograph) and in an embedded RFID microchip, similar to that in biometric passports. The chip stores the information printed on the card (such as the holder's name and date of birth) and the holder's biometric photo. It may also store the holder's fingerprints. The card may be used for online authentication, such as for age verification or for e-government applications. An electronic signature, provided by a private company, may also be stored on the chip.
Countries which currently issue government-issued eIDs include Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al Shamrani wins AFC Player of the Year award | Business Recorder )〕 Portugal, Romania, Estonia, Latvia,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Latvijas Republikas Saeima - Electronic ID cards to be introduced in Latvia )〕 Lithuania,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ELEKTRONINĖ ASMENS TAPATYBĖS KORTELĖ - ASMENS TAPATYBĖS KORTELĖ (ATK) » Bendra informacija )〕 Spain, Slovakia.,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=eID karta )〕 Malta, and Mauritius. Germany and previously Finland have accepted government issued physical eIC:s. Norway, Sweden and Finland accept bank-issued eIDs (also known as BankId) for identification by government authorities.
==Pakistan==
Pakistan introduced the computerized national identity card (CNIC) in 2000, with over 89.5 million CNICs issued by 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=89.5mln CNICs issued; 95 pc population covered - Pakistan State Times )〕 In October 2012, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) introduced the smart national identity card (SNIC), which contains a data chip and 36 security features. The SNIC complies with ICAO standard 9303 and ISO standard 7816-4. The SNIC can be used for both offline and online identification, voting, pension disbursement, social and financial inclusion programmes and other services.〔〔 NADRA aims to replace all 89.5 million CNICs with SNICs by 2020.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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